A Constitution is like the rule book of a country. It tells us how the government should work, what rights people have, and what duties citizens should follow. India has a written Constitution. It helps the country run in a fair and organised way. Making of the Indian Constitution After India became independent, a special…
The Iron Age was an important period in human history when people began using iron to make tools, weapons and other useful objects. Iron was stronger than many materials used earlier, so it changed farming, warfare, trade and everyday life. What Was the Iron Age? The Iron Age came after the Bronze Age. In many…
Long ago, human life was very different from the way we live today. There were no houses, roads, schools, cars or machines. Early humans had to depend on nature for food, shelter and safety. Over a very long period of time, humans slowly changed, learnt new skills and developed better ways of living. What is…
The Stone Age was the earliest period of human history. During this time, people mainly used stone tools for hunting, cutting, digging and protecting themselves. At first, early humans lived in caves and rock shelters. They hunted wild animals and collected fruits, roots and nuts for food. Slowly, they discovered fire, which helped them cook…
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What is Light? Light is a form of energy that helps us see things around us. Without light, we cannot see objects clearly. Light travels in a straight line. White light is made up of seven colours — violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red. A simple way to remember this is VIBGYOR. Types…
What is Sound? Sound is something that we hear around us every day. Sounds are produced by people, animals, objects, vehicles and nature. Examples of sounds: Ringing of a bell Ticking of a clock Chirping of birds Barking of a dog Honking of vehicles Thunder and rain Sources of Sound Sounds can come from different…
1. What is Matter? Everything around us that takes up space is called matter. Matter is mainly found in three states: Solid Liquid Gas The particles in these three states are arranged differently. That is why solids, liquids and gases have different properties. 2. Solids A solid has a fixed shape and fixed volume. Examples:…
PLANT REPRODUCTION 🌱 Plants reproduce to produce new plants of their own kind. New plants can grow from seeds or from roots, stems, leaves and buds. REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF A PLANT 🌸 The reproductive organs are found inside a flower. Androecium It is the male reproductive organ. It produces pollen grains. Pollen grains contain the…